A concise guide to understanding 4×4, AWD, FWD and RWD cars
When looking for a car, you get the option of going for a front-wheel drive (FWD), rear-wheel drive (RWD) or all-wheel drive (AWD). The AWD, strangely enough, is not the same as a 4×4, and we will briefly touch on this at the end of this discussion.
RWD vs FWD vs AWD
In a rear-wheel drive car, the power goes to the back wheels and FWD to the front. AWD power goes to all four wheels, but the amount of power front and back could differ, and usually, this can automatically change the amount of power per tyre as the traction changes.
History shows all three drive versions were tried way before 1900, but these were primitive cars and it does not apply. Until the early ‘70s, most cars featured a front engine with rear-wheel drive. The notable exception was the VW Beetle with its engine mounted at the back, and some French FWD pioneers.
The advent of the hatchback saw a definitive move to FWD, while the urban SUV gave rise to AWD. But let’s look at the pros and cons of each and give some notable examples.
RWD
RWD generally gives you better or at least more responsive handling – the so-called feel of the road. The dynamic rearward weight shift during acceleration will make the rear tyres grip better and thus optimum acceleration.
During bad weather, RWD has less traction than FWD or AWD. A front engine, RWD also adds mass, cost, friction and rotational inertia because of the driveshaft running to the back and the additional gearing to change the direction of the power.
Examples of RWD cars for sale in South Africa
RWD gives the best grip for carrying a load or towing something, so most serious bakkies that are not 4×4 are RWD. You will find your value for money Toyota Hilux, Ford Ranger, Mitsubishi Triton and the like.
Top-end sedans are often RWD, including many BMWs, Mercs, and Audis, as well as the lovely Mazda MX5 and the quick rotaries.
Of course, most super sexy, totally unaffordable sport and super cars are RWD – Ferrari, Porsche, Lambo, you name it – all RWD.
FWD
Most cars today are FWD. These are very efficient in terms of cost, mass, space and fuel consumption. There is no driveshaft taking space in the passenger compartment, and simpler gearing means less loss of power.
But FWD cars are not as responsive in handling, while the friction on the front tyres during acceleration and turning creates more tyre wear.
Examples of FWD cars for sale in South Africa
FWD is by far the most prevalent drive, and you can pick from Audi and BMW to VW and Toyota and everything in between.
AWD
Many larger SUVs use AWD. This format is aimed at urban driving, but with significant off-road capability. Because the amount of power can shift between tyres, the car’s computer will compute the optimal grip/fuel efficiency ratio at all times.
AWD will give you better traction on wet and slippery roads, or on dirt. On the negative side, it is a complicated system that adds both cost and weight to your car.
Examples of AWD cars for sale in South Africa
If you are willing to pay for the performance you want, you will find excellent AWD Nissan, Toyota, Renault and other models.
AWD vs 4×4
AWD is aimed at mostly urban driving with some off-road capability and will give you better fuel consumption than a dedicated 4×4. The latter is aimed at serious off-roading, in spite of the fact that they are usually spotted at upmarket malls. You will pay for the mechanics and also for the extra fuel consumption.
So RWD, FWD and AWD are all good choices. It depends on your driving style, your lifestyle and of course the courage of your wallet.
